The Body Shop Internaltional Plc Commerce Essay

The Body Shop Internaltional Plc Commerce Essay Successful business ventures go through the path into business over the decades if not centuries to achieve its goals and objectives which The Body Shop International plc (The Body Shop) finds itself in such high regards. The founder of The Body Shop was Dame Anita Roddick from Littlehampton, an English seaside town (Dame Anita Roddick: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). It had its very first outlet launched on 26th March 1976 in Brighton, on the south coast of England (Our History: The Body Shop International plc , 2012). The Body Shop offers beauty products that are original, natural and ethical beauty brand (Our Company: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). The Body Shop introduces new products into the market with the use of natural materials and ingredients which is fair trade (Support Community Fair Trade: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). The Body Shop emphasises on positive social and environmental through campaigns with five core values of Activate Self Esteem, Protect Our Planet, Against Animal Testing, Support Community Trade and Defend Human Rights (Our Values: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). According to (About Us: The Body Shop International plc, 2012) its website based indicates the desire for this brand is to make the products with love and care that creates the slogan of Beauty with Heart. The Body Shop offers relatively high quality beauty products in the market to meet consumers demands. TASK 1 SWOT ANALYSIS The specific objective of the business venture is to identify the internal and external factors that are favourable and unfavourable to achieve objectives. (McDonald, Rogers, Woodburn, 2000, p. 148) suggested that A SWOT is an analysis of your strength and weaknesses compared to competitors and of the opportunities and treats by a key account. Strength The Body Shop brand itself holds a strong image in the market which well known for its beauty products (The Body Shop: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Natural ingredients are use to produces good quality and innovative products. We are the leading key player in the niche market where targeting and satisfying needs of the customers. The Body Shop has a high brand loyalty from consumers due to the product differentiation. Weaknesses The Body Shop does not have direct marketing or advertising department where there is no strong physical public awareness. In the United Kingdom (UK) The Body Shop have small number of retail stores in operation. The products are either in the mature or decline stage of the product life cycle due to high and low consumers demand. The franchise system has specific requirement that cause problem to attract new franchisee. Opportunities The Body Shop products are produce with natural material and ingredients that increased awareness of organic and eco-friendly (Protect The Planet: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Todays world with advanced technology of internet, develop an online website to increased number of online buyers (The Body Shop UK: The Body Shop Interational plc, 2012). Ageing population has increased in the current market that The Body Shop could target the ageing consumers who are willing to spend on products claiming anti ageing properties. Treats The Body Shop faces a huge growing competition within the beauty industry that offers similar products. In the current harmful environment situation that cause climate change and global warming will affect unstable supplies of raw materials. When UK faces financial crisis in the economic downturn, The Body Shop is in the condition of decreased on sales turnover in the overall market. 2.0 KEY PRODUCT # The key product of The Body Shop is Tea Tree Oil which mainly for blemished skin. The use of this product will have the effect of soothing, has antibacterial properties and does not dry out skins which can apply directly to all skin type. (Best Sellers: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). 2.01 ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES An organisation, consumers or in general will conduct a market research that benefits the management to improve economic development. There are six environmental variables which is Political factors, Economic factors, Geographical factors, Cultural factors, Educational-Philosophical factors and Sociological factors use by organisation management to widen the marketing research within a country. (Loudon, 1975, p. 95) Tea Tree Oil considered looking into three environmental variables of Cultural factors, Economic factors and Political factors. Cultural factors In every country have their own culture to learn and influence by tradition that affect different perception towards other culture. Tea Tree Oil is the key product of The Body Shop due to its natural properties where some countries use as an ingredient in medication remedies for healing. Some countries may perceive Tea Tree Oil as a common product where some believe is a valuable product. Economic factors Economic factors plays an important role for any business industry where customers purchasing power and decision making process is concern. Increase costs on raw materials that affect retail price to increase. Most consumers perceived Tea Tree Oil as a valuable product because it uses natural ingredients. Tea Tree Oil could be marketed to any country due to its natural properties that can be use on any skin type. Political factors The Body Shop build relationship with suppliers from different country in order to get finest raw ingredients to produce Tea Tree Oil. Commit local government rules and regulation to import raw materials and ingredients from different country. In the current UK market faces recession that causes The Body Shop to face unstable economic and political environment situation. Tea Tree Oil is a well known product in the world for its natural properties. 2.02 PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLE In physiological variable can be related to Maslows hierarchy of needs which include Physiological needs, Safety needs, Social needs, Esteem needs and Self-actualisation (Shaw, Dibeehi, Walden, 2010, pp. 81-87). The needs that influence Tea Tree Oil are Physiological needs, Safety needs and Social needs. Physiological needs Physiological needs are the basics of life. Tea Tree Oil is consumers basic need on daily usage as a beauty product or traditional medicine. Tea Tree Oil has a positive impact on consumers who are beauty conscious. It has its ability to heal wounds naturally because human body has the ability to absorb oil easily. Safety needs Safety needs are most important where consumers concern on product safety which Tea Tree Oil is contact with skin. Tea Tree Oil has gone through the production process of using fair trade natural ingredients and tested on human instead of animal before its being marketed. The Body Shop well trained sales assistants and product label provides appropriate information about Tea Tree Oil to keep the retention and loyalty of the consumers towards its product and brand. Social needs Social needs where customers and employees build relationship with each other to identify the culture and needs of customers to provide best services and information related to its product. The Body Shop keeps promises of using the raw materials and ingredients to produce good quality and innovative products that will gain good connection with customers. Tea Tree Oil itself has its own ability to build relationship with consumers with the positive responds and natural properties. 3.0 MARKETING MIX Marketing mix is an essential theory for every product or service provided in the business industry. The Michael Porters 4 Ps model entails Product, Price, Place and Promotion which are more appropriate for tangible goods. In todays world marketing mix has extended to 7 Ps with an additional of People, Process and Physical Evidence that is used in the servicing industries. (Borden, 1984, pp. 7-12). In The Body Shop business is involved in products which marketing mix of 4 Ps is essential. Product Tea Tree Oil is a key product which is organically grown beauty product that has natural properties and safe to use in contact with skin. Tea Tree Oil is made from extraction of oil from leaves of the Melaleuca alternifolia to form the product which is organic (Wong, 2012). Tea Tree Oil has a short life span due to natural ingredients without preservatives. Price The current retail price in store are selling at  £7 a bottle of 10ml in the UK (Best Sellers: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). The price of Tea Tree Oil is relatively low compared to other competitors in the market. Tea Tree Oil is in the medium price range among the product in store. The Body Shop Tea Tree Oil is considered as an affordable product with the natural properties. Place The Body Shop is a business-to-consumer related organisation that involve in the retail industry. Direct target market of The Body Shop is on consumers. The distribution types that The Body Shop emphasises are the mix of intensive distribution and selective distribution. The Body Shop retail stores in the market run their businesses on a franchising basis (Franchising: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Promotion The Body Shop are against promotion because there is no direct marketing and advertising department. We own a website for customers to browse for information and purchase products through online. All beauty products in store are organically grown for its natural properties. The Body Shop core values of against animal testing which protect animal, cruelty-free and vegetarian (Against Animal Testing: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). TASK 2 4.0 MARKETING OBJECTIVES Marketing objectives are an organisation desire to achieve its mission and vision to generate more revenue and market share. (Lamb, Hair, Jr., McDaniel, 2012, p. 39) commented that A marketing objectives is a statement of what is to be accomplish through marketing activities. It is essential of any organisation to have a marketing objective in order to develop a marketing plan activity. 4.01 SMART ANALYSIS The Body Shop marketing objectives can be set by using SMART analysis to form a marketing plan to expand its roots to a foreign market (Robinson, Wale, Dickson, 2010, p. 144). Specific The Body Shop should specifically define the aims to achieve in future with clear focus on its objectives and develop approaches that can be use to achieve defined objectives to gain significant market share. Measurable The Body Shop should make sure that its objectives can be measured and quantified in the business operation. Achievable The Body Shop should use the market segmentation to analyse in order to avoid setting unrealistic and unachievable targets. Realistic The Body Shop should focus on its available resources such as funds, time, natural materials and ingredients, machine and employees before setting its realistic target to expand. Timed The Body Shop should make sure that its objectives are timed wisely and forecast its sales and profits in the long term period of time. The objectives been set by The Body Shop are smart and time bound as we can prove that The Body Shop currently still stand strongly in the market. We need to develop the visibility of the brand to create public awareness. Emphasises against animal testing in the foreign market that shows The Body Shop is cruelty-free and vegetarian. Widen the target market to kids range that is organic to refresh the image of the brand. Consider to reinforce environmental policies by working only with Community Fair Trade supplier to keep the loyalty of the consumers. Obtain environmental certification to prove to foreign market consumers that The Body Shop is in the business of ethical trading. 5.0 THEORETICAL CONCEPTS OF GLOBALISATION PROCESS In the globalisation process is base on theoretical concepts which there is no specific definition. According to (Bozyk, 2006, p. 1) the most important part of the research is From the theoretical point of view, globalization means an unlimited access to these markets for all interested business regardless of country of origin and economic regions. Globalisation is a free market to enter into any foreign market to start a business without any barriers. Another theory identified that globalisation process involves compression. According to (Zajda, 2005, p. 614) the most important part of the research is Compression makes the world a single place by virtue of the power of a set of globally diffused ideas that render societal and ethnic identities and traditions irrelevant except within local contexts. Organisation set objectives that is standardise to suite the local market and foreign market. The Body Shop have no issues to enter into any foreign market due to its natural materials and ingredients being use to produce products. The Body Shop emphasises the core values that brings positive impact to the foreign market with the organic and eco-friendly policies. 6.0 BEHAVIOURAL TRENDS AND PATTERNS Todays world, consumer demands are wide that every organisation is difficult to commit. Consumer buying behaviour relates to the social and culture of the consumer decision making process. The trends and patterns of the consumers are form base on the development behaviour among a large population in the long term. The Body Shop consumers bargaining power and purchasing power in the current market are strong that demands and expectations are high. The foreign market trends and patterns of the consumers are different from one another due to its social life and culture environment influences. The Body Shop looks into the trends and patterns of a foreign market in order to target the right market and achieve objectives. Market segmentation plays an important role to understand the foreign market trends and patterns of the consumers. The Body Shop conduct focused groups that provide valuable information of the products market acceptance. On the other hand, The Body Shop experience different perception and background of consumers in different country. The trends and patterns of consumers are dynamic which is difficult to commit. Consumers personal lifestyle will influence a brand in the market if consumers are branding conscious. 6.01 MACRO ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Macro environmental factors which PESTEL analysis is a useful business strategic tool to measure and understand how The Body Shop market grows or decline, position in the market, potential and direction for its operations (Yeates Wakefield, 2004, p. 265). In any business strategic decision making process, the employment of PESTEL analysis can be use as a framework. Political and Legal factors The Body Shop build relationship with the Community Fair Trade suppliers for raw material and ingredient in different country (Our Values: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Rules and regulation of the local government in foreign market are different from one another. The Body Shop faces unstable economic and political environment when foreign market is in the recession period. Economic In the current market position consumers demand for good quality beauty products due to climate change and unhealthy meals cause skin problems. The increase cost on raw materials and ingredients that affect the retail price to increase due to high demand. Consumer purchasing power is influences by the disposable income of individual customers. Customers may perceive The Body Shop as a luxury brand in some foreign market. Socio-Cultural The Body Shop consumers may shift to other beauty brand which also offers organic and eco-friendly products. The Body Shop failed to wider the target market to baby and kids range that is organic and natural ingredients for delicate skin. Social media marketing such as Facebook and Twitter is developed to provide information and updates on products to customers. Technology The Body Shop uses social media marketing to promote brand globally and create awareness. The use of natural materials and ingredients that form natural properties creates innovative products. Launching Love Your Bodyà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ card to create consumers retention with the membership privileges when use in store (OUR LOVE YOUR BODYà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ CARD: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). Environmental Climate change and global warming will affect unstable supplies of raw materials and ingredients. Emphasises on the eco-friendly policy in order to save the mother earth (Protect The Planet: The Body Shop International plc, 2012). 7.0 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT PROCESS The process of internationalisation business management can be explained that international business intends to enter the global market in its earliest stage to increase the sales and profitability. Certain circumstance do cause for changes, such as the environment do take place which will affect the internationalisation process. In firms which are successful in their internationalisation process will survive through the previous experience being gained. (Vahlne Nordstrom, 1993, p. 531). There is different industry characteristic affecting the process of internationalisation which is economies of scale, research and development intensity, product differentiation, governmental policies and transportation costs (Vahlne Nordstrom, 1993, p. 532). The Body Shop invests in the foreign market need to think global and act locally in the market to satisfy the consumers demands. The Body Shop needs to implement international business management process in order to expand its roots to a foreign market successfully. 7.01 INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT International human resource management is important in the international business operation. (Briscoe, Schuler, Tarique, 2012) commented that Broadly defined, the field of international human resource management (IHRM)is the study and application of all human resource management activities as they impact the process of managing human resource in enterprise in the global environment. The human resource policies and practices need to implement to support the global strategy in any international company. The Body Shop needs to learn the culture of the foreign market in order to have an appropriate human resource management department. Learning and understanding the foreign market local culture that brings positive impact to work and communicate with foreigners 7.02 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING International marketing can be explained that local company takes the opportunity to invest in the foreign market to gain significant profits and market share. There is no specific definition to international marketing where most definitions of marketing are acceptable. According to (Vasudeva, 2006, p. 5) commented that marketing activities carried out by a marketer in more than one nation across national boundaries may be termed as international marketing. Understanding of what marketing is and how it operates in an international context will complete the study of international marketing. The Body Shop goes to international market will benefit to the consumers who concern on beauty and organic products. The Body Shop invest in the international market will generate more revenue to the company that increase sales turnover. Furthermore, gaining experience from foreign market in order to improve company objectives and strategies. 7.03 INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS International logistics definition is divided to international and logistic which it gives a different meaning. (Wood, Barone, Murphy, Wardlow, 2001, p. 1) commented that International means that it will deal with transactions involving individuals or firms in more than one nation. (Wood, Barone, Murphy, Wardlow, 2001, p. 1) also commented that Logistics means the organized movement of goods, services and sometimes people. The combination of international logistics can be defined as local company invest in the international market and export goods across the border. International logistics involves the buyers, the sellers, the carries, the intermediaries or middlemen and sometimes the government. The Body Shop involves in the international logistics where the intention to expand its roots to the foreign market that exporting goods and experience people to start up the business. As a result international logistics are costly due to export duties, taxes and other expenses incurred when exporting. 8.0 CONCLUSION The Body Shop is a successful company in the beauty industry where people, animal and planet are concern. Natural materials and ingredients being use to produce products to save the mother earth with guaranteed good quality and safety product. Through its good business model that satisfied the consumers demand which keep consumers retention and loyalty. The Body Shop objectives to achieve with the participation from employees will lead to good reputation that shows the achievement being met. The Body Shop objectives that have achieved will maximise the revenue and employees efficiency of work performance. 9.0 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES About Us: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Bosy Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus.aspx Against Animal Testing: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/values/AgainstAnimalTesting.aspx Best Sellers: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc web site: http://www.thebodyshop.co.uk/whats-hot/best-sellers/tea-tree-oil.aspx Borden, N. H. (1984). The Concept of the Marketing Mix. Journal of Advertising Research , 7-12. Bozyk, P. (2006). Globalization And the Transformation of Foreign Economic Policy. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Briscoe, D., Schuler, R., Tarique, I. (2012). International Human Resource Management 4th Edition. Oxon: Routledge. Dame Anita Roddick: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus_anita-roddick.aspx Franchising: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop Internaltional plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/franchising.aspx Lamb, C. W., Hair, J. F., Jr., McDaniel, C. D. (2012). Essential of Marketing. Mason: Cengage Learning. Loudon, D. L. (1975). The Influence of Environmental Variables on the Use of Marketing Research. Management International Review , 95. McDonald, M., Rogers, B., Woodburn, D. (2000). Key Customers: How to Manage Them Profitably. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Our Company: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus_company.aspx Our History: The Body Shop International plc . (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus_history.aspx OUR LOVE YOUR BODYà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ CARD: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 28, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/loyalty/love-your-body/using-your-card.aspx Our Values: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site : http://www.thebodyshop.com/content/services/aboutus_values.aspx Protect The Planet: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc: http://www.thebodyshop.com/values/ProtectPlanet.aspx Robinson, P., Wale, D., Dickson, G. (2010). Events Management. Oxfordshire: CAB International. Shaw, C., Dibeehi, Q., Walden, S. (2010). Customer Experience Future Trends Insight . New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Support Community Fair Trade: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 26, 2012, from The Body Shop Interbational plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/values/CommunityFairTrade.aspx The Body Shop UK: The Body Shop Interational plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.co.uk/index_s.aspx The Body Shop: The Body Shop International plc. (2012). Retrieved December 27, 2012, from The Body Shop International plc Web site: http://www.thebodyshop.com/index.aspx Vahlne, J.-E., Nordstrom, K. A. (1993). The Internationalization Process: Impact of Commpetion and Experience. The International Trade Journal . Vasudeva, P. K. (2006). International Marketing 3rd Edition. New Delhi: Anurag Jain. Wong, C. (2012, September 15). Alternative Medicine: About.com. Retrieved December 27, 2012, from About.com Web site: http://altmedicine.about.com/od/herbsupplementguide/a/TeaTreeOil.htm Wood, D. F., Barone, A., Murphy, P., Wardlow, D. L. (2001). International Logistics. Massachusetts: Kluwer Academic Publishers. Yeates, D., Wakefield, T. (2004). System Analysis and Design Second Edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Zajda, J. I. (2005). International Handbook on Globalisation, Education and Policy Research. Dordrecht: Springer.

Georgia OKeefe (includes annotated bibliography) Essay -- art, America

Georgia O’Keefe (word count includes annotated bibliography) Georgia O’Keefe is a famous American painter who painted beautiful flowers and landscapes. But she painted these images in such a way that many people believed she was portraying sexual imagery. â€Å"O’Keefe’s depictions of flowers in strict frontality and enlarged to giant scale were entirely original in character . . . the view into the open blossoms evoked an image of the female psyche and invited erotic associations.† (Joachimides 47) O’Keefe denies these allegations and says that she â€Å"magnified the scale of the flower only to ensure people would notice them.† (Haskell 203) O’Keefe’s artwork was misinterpreted because of cultural prejudice, her non-traditional lifestyle, and gender bias art criticism. But despite these accusations, Georgia O’Keefe’s artwork was not based on sexuality.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O’Keefe was born on November 15, 1887 in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. Her parents were dairy farmers and throughout her childhood she lived on her family’s farm. Georgia had a rough childhood growing up on the farm. Her mother did not especially like her and when she was not busy ignoring her, she treated her very badly. Although her mother disliked her, Georgia’s father loved her unconditionally and gave her the love her mother deprived her of. But he also molested her, a tramatizing drawback that would follow her for the rest of her life. Although she knew what her father was doing was wrong, she refused to admit this to herself because he was the only loved one she truly had. So, when Georgia’s father left, she was heartbroken (Hogrefe 14). â€Å"The abandonment she must have felt when he left the family had repercussions for the rest of her life as she refused to get close to many of her male companions . . .her closest male friends were homosexual . . . a nd she spurned men who sought sexual intimacy with her.† (15) After her father left, Georgia was sent to live with her aunt who punished her frequently by secluding her in her room and often by slapping Georgia in the face. When she was a teenager she was sent to an all girl’s boarding school. This is where she was finally able to receive art classes and build on her talent. Georgia’s mother did not allow her to be cultured, because it was forever trapped in the ways of the late 1800’s and if you were a lady, it was not worth it (17). Georgia O’Keefe was brought ... ...o capture the true essence of a flower you needed to be able to see it up close for a more personal, intimate effect. To examine something as simple as a flower up close, you only then realize the extreme complexity that makes such an inconsequential thing so beautiful. Robinson, Roxana. Georgia O’Keeffe: A Life. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1989.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book goes through Georgia’s life in detail. I found a lot of personal quotes in this book that Georgia said about her work and the criticism it received that really caught my eye. She was very opinionated about her art, but at the same time, she could care less about what any art critic had to say about it. Art critics at the time of her career’s peak were predominantly male and this book expresses the fact that male chauvinism was a huge impact on the criticism of her work. This book also goes into the impression her constant change in her surroundings had on her work. Georgia her constant change in her surroundings had on her work. Georgia lived in several different parts of America, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Arizona, California, New York, etc. and with each move, her style change and reflected this new place. Georgia OKeefe (includes annotated bibliography) Essay -- art, America Georgia O’Keefe (word count includes annotated bibliography) Georgia O’Keefe is a famous American painter who painted beautiful flowers and landscapes. But she painted these images in such a way that many people believed she was portraying sexual imagery. â€Å"O’Keefe’s depictions of flowers in strict frontality and enlarged to giant scale were entirely original in character . . . the view into the open blossoms evoked an image of the female psyche and invited erotic associations.† (Joachimides 47) O’Keefe denies these allegations and says that she â€Å"magnified the scale of the flower only to ensure people would notice them.† (Haskell 203) O’Keefe’s artwork was misinterpreted because of cultural prejudice, her non-traditional lifestyle, and gender bias art criticism. But despite these accusations, Georgia O’Keefe’s artwork was not based on sexuality.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   O’Keefe was born on November 15, 1887 in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin. Her parents were dairy farmers and throughout her childhood she lived on her family’s farm. Georgia had a rough childhood growing up on the farm. Her mother did not especially like her and when she was not busy ignoring her, she treated her very badly. Although her mother disliked her, Georgia’s father loved her unconditionally and gave her the love her mother deprived her of. But he also molested her, a tramatizing drawback that would follow her for the rest of her life. Although she knew what her father was doing was wrong, she refused to admit this to herself because he was the only loved one she truly had. So, when Georgia’s father left, she was heartbroken (Hogrefe 14). â€Å"The abandonment she must have felt when he left the family had repercussions for the rest of her life as she refused to get close to many of her male companions . . .her closest male friends were homosexual . . . a nd she spurned men who sought sexual intimacy with her.† (15) After her father left, Georgia was sent to live with her aunt who punished her frequently by secluding her in her room and often by slapping Georgia in the face. When she was a teenager she was sent to an all girl’s boarding school. This is where she was finally able to receive art classes and build on her talent. Georgia’s mother did not allow her to be cultured, because it was forever trapped in the ways of the late 1800’s and if you were a lady, it was not worth it (17). Georgia O’Keefe was brought ... ...o capture the true essence of a flower you needed to be able to see it up close for a more personal, intimate effect. To examine something as simple as a flower up close, you only then realize the extreme complexity that makes such an inconsequential thing so beautiful. Robinson, Roxana. Georgia O’Keeffe: A Life. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1989.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book goes through Georgia’s life in detail. I found a lot of personal quotes in this book that Georgia said about her work and the criticism it received that really caught my eye. She was very opinionated about her art, but at the same time, she could care less about what any art critic had to say about it. Art critics at the time of her career’s peak were predominantly male and this book expresses the fact that male chauvinism was a huge impact on the criticism of her work. This book also goes into the impression her constant change in her surroundings had on her work. Georgia her constant change in her surroundings had on her work. Georgia lived in several different parts of America, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Arizona, California, New York, etc. and with each move, her style change and reflected this new place.

Nokia Business Analysis Essay

The beginning of Nokia goes back to the year 1865 with the establishment of a forestry industry enterprise in South-Western Finland by mining engineer Fredrick Idestam. While in the year 1898, the Finnish Rubber Works Ltd was found, and in 1912, Finnish Cable Works began operations. Gradually, the ownership of this two companies and Nokia began to shift into hands of just a few owners. Finally, these three companies were merged to form Nokia Corporation in 1967. Nokia Corporation engages in the manufacture of mobile devices and mobile network equipment, as well as in the provision of related solutions and services. The company has four main business functions or segments: Mobile Phones, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions, and Networks. (Nokia, 2011) †¢Purpose to study Nokia (appendix 1) Communication plays a very important role in our life. With its large target market, different mobile telecommunication companies have been trying to occupy the markets by offer their latest innovative mobile phones. One of the famous and successful mobile phone manufacturers in the world is Nokia before. However, market leader will be replaced by other competitors. This can be evidenced by their shares of Smart phone (appendix 2) due to the penetration of their competitor. With the emergence of Apple iPhone and Samsung Galaxy today (appendix 1), Nokia should have a great solution to ensure its future success and to gain back the market shares. Although Nokia’s CEO has known what their situation, the management must able to have a change that would sustain Nokia’s competitive advantage and reflecting to customer’s favorite.

Help Astronomers Classify Galaxies

The world of science is one of careful measurements and analysis. Theres so much scientific data available to scientists today across all disciplines that some of it had to wait for a scientist to get to it. In recent decades, the scientific community has been turning to citizen scientists to help them analyze it. In particular, the worlds astronomers have a rich treasury of information and imaging available and are working with citizen volunteers and observers to help them sift through it all   In astronomy, not only are they working together on analysis, but in some projects, amateur observers are using their telescopes to observe objects of interest to professionals.   Welcome to Citizen Science Citizen science brings people of all walks of life together to do important work in such diverse disciplines as astronomy, biology, zoology, and others. The degree of participation is really up to the volunteer whos interested in helping out. It also depends on the projects needs. For example, in the 1980s, amateur astronomers banded together with astronomers to do a massive imaging project focused on Comet Halley. For two years, these observers took pictures of the comet and forwarded them to a group at NASA for digitization. The resulting International Halley Watch showed astronomers that there were qualified amateurs out there, and luckily they had good telescopes. It also brought a whole new generation of citizen scientists into the limelight. Nowadays there are various citizen science projects available, and in astronomy, they literally let anyone with a computer or a telescope (and some free time) explore the universe. For astronomers, these projects get them access to amateur observers and their telescopes, or people with some computer savvy to help them work through mountains of data. And, for the participants, these projects give an exclusive look at some pretty fascinating objects.   Opening the Floodgates of Science Data Several years ago a group of astronomers opened up an endeavor called Galaxy Zoo  to public access. Today, its called Zooniverse.org, an online portal where participants look at images of various subjects and help analyze them. For astronomers, it includes images taken by survey instruments such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which is a massive imaging and spectrographic survey of the sky done by instruments in the northern and southern hemisphere. The idea for the original Galaxy Zoo was to check out images of galaxies from surveys and help classify them. There are trillions of galaxies. In fact, the universe IS galaxies, out as far as we can detect. To understand how galaxies form and evolve over time, its important to classify them by their galaxy shapes and types. This is what Galaxy Zoo and now Zooniverse asked its users to do: classify galaxy shapes. Galaxies typically come in a number of shapes — astronomers refer to this as galaxy morphology. Our own Milky Way Galaxy is a barred spiral, meaning it is spiral-shaped with a bar of stars, gas, and dust across its center. There are also spirals without bars, as well as elliptical (cigar-shaped) galaxies of varying types, spherical galaxies, and irregularly shaped ones.   People can still classify galaxies on Zooniverse, as well as other objects and not just in science. The system trains users in what to look for, no matter what the subject is, and after that, its citizen science.   A Zooniverse of Opportunity Zooniverse  today includes research areas on a wide array of topics in astronomy. It includes such sites as Radio Galaxy Zoo, where participants check out galaxies that emit large amounts of radio signals, Comet Hunters, where users scan images to spot comets, Sunspotter (for solar observers tracking sunspots), Planet Hunters (who search out worlds around other stars), Asteroid Zoo and others. Beyond astronomy, users can work on Penguin Watch, Orchid Observers, Wisconsin Wildlife Watch, Fossil Finder, Higgs Hunters, Floating Forests, Serengeti Watch, and projects in other disciplines.   Citizen science has become a huge part of the scientific process, contributing to advances in many areas. As it turns out, Zooniverse is just the tip of the iceberg! Other groups have also put together citizen science initiatives, including Cornell University.   All are easy to join, and participants will find that  their time and attention really DO make a difference, both to scientists and as contributors to the worlds general level of scientific knowledge and education.